山东省家蚕种质资源研究进展

山东省蚕业研究所保存的家蚕品种资源,从刚建所的30多个增加到现在的110多个,利用这些品种资源已育成了10对实用品种。为更好地利用种质资源,近年来进行了家蚕抗高温、抗氟及淀粉酶活性等方面的研究。     

遮穗和去颖下燕麦穗部特征变化和穗部光合贡献率估算

随着探索提高植物整体光合能力相关研究的不断开展，麦类作物穗部器官等植物非叶绿色器官光合潜力挖掘逐渐得到关注。本研究在成都平原秋播美达、贝勒、莫尼卡、摄政王、泰克和甜燕60等6个品种燕麦，设置遮穗、去颖2个试验处理，比较分析了各品种间穗部特征、穗部光合贡献率、颖片光合贡献率和茎光合物质转移率等差异。结果表明，燕麦穗部器官光合贡献率为28.56%～49.05%，其中甜燕60最高；6个品种燕麦的颖片光合贡献率为11.03%～36.88%，茎光合物质转移率为6.65%～35.81%。燕麦穗部器官对籽实增重表现了较高的光合贡献，当燕麦穗部器官光合受到限制时，燕麦单粒种子重和单穗种子数显著降低，尤其是影响双粒小穗数。     

甘蔗新品种桂糖46号的丰产性及稳产性分析

采用高稳系数法和变异系数法分析了甘蔗新品种桂糖46号在2年区域试验中的丰产稳产性.结果表明:相比ROC22号,桂糖46号具有非常优良的丰产性,蔗茎产量和含糖量的增产(糖)非常明显,蔗糖分略高;在此基础上,桂糖46号还具有优良的稳定性,蔗茎产量和含糖量的高稳系数均高出对照30％以上,蔗糖分的高稳系数也略高,分析结果用变异系数法也得到了验证.综合来看,桂糖46号是一个高产、稳产、宿根性好、适应性广、抗倒性强、脱叶性好的优良甘蔗新品种,具有很好的推广前景.     

广西油茶桑寄生发病情况调查及清除成效分析

对广西巴马、那坡、田阳、三江、龙胜等5个油茶主产区油茶桑寄生发病情况进行了调查,并对清除桑寄生的成效进行了分析,结果表明:5个县区均发现了不同程度的桑寄生,其中田阳的桑寄生情况最为严重(80.00%),其次是巴马(63.33%)和那坡(50.00%),三江(20.00%)和龙胜县(13.33%)桑寄生比率较低;5枝以下桑寄生枝,对植株生长发育不明显,但寄生枝的数量超过5个时,植株冠幅、叶绿素相对含量、花芽数量和座果数降低明显;清除桑寄生后2年,植株的冠幅、结果枝的数量、叶绿素相对含量、花芽数量以及座果数、单果重均显著增加,清除桑寄生后2年,可增加收入4 796元/hm~2。     

棉花种质资源收集鉴定与创新利用

十二五期间通过对我国西南地区、南海诸岛、及国外野生棉起源中心实地考察和广泛征集,新收集国内外棉花种质资源1220份,其中陆地棉986份、海岛棉176份、亚洲棉58份,所收集种质均已入国家中期库保存。收集的棉花种质资源分别在河南安阳、海南三亚、新疆阿拉尔进行主要农艺经济性状鉴定和特性鉴定。通过SSR(Simple sequence repeat)分子标记、重测序等技术对收集到的种质进行了分子鉴定,筛选到大量与纤维品质、抗黄萎病、抗旱、抗草甘膦显著关联的基因。在收集保存的种质资源基础上,通过辐射诱变、远缘杂交、复合杂交创造出优质、高产、抗逆等优异种质资源。通过展示向全国科研院所及公司发放棉花种质19 191份次。     

后备公猪的科学选育与利用

后备公猪的科学选育及利用直接影响猪场制种效果和经济效益,同时也能体现规模化猪场的制种技术与水平。文章针对后备公猪选育的基本环节和操作要点,从如何选种选育、科学饲养管理、合理配种利用等方面进行系统阐述,为规模化猪场后备公猪生产提供技术指导和参考依据。     

实时荧光定量PCR技术的概述及应用

实时荧光定量PCR技术是在传统PCR技术上发展而来的,不仅能判断某一基因的有无,而且还能对其进行定量分析。由于该技术与常规PCR相比,能够进行实时监测、且自动化程度高而被广大研究者青睐。本文对实时荧光定量PCR的原理、数据分析、定量方法、分类以及应用进行了系统而详细地综述。     

NRF2 attenuates oxidative stress and lysosomal dysfunction in doxorubicin-induced H9C2 cells

AIM:To study the effect of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) on oxidative stress injury and lysosomal dysfunction in doxorubicin (DOX)-induced rat myocardial H9C2 cells. METHODS:The H9C2 cells were treated with DOX. The expression of NRF2 at mRNA and protein levels was determined by real-time PCR and Western blot. The H9C2 cells stably over-expressing NRF2 were established by lentiviral infection. Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to identify the efficiency of over-expression. After DOX treatment, the cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay, the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT), and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the cell supernatant were detected. FITC-dextran was used to analyze lysosomal pH, and the protein expression of lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) and cathepsin B was determined by Western blot.RESULTS:The expression of NRF2 at mRNA and protein levels in DOX-treated H9C2 cells was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Over-expression of NRF2 significantly up-regulated the mRNA and protein expression of NRF2 in DOX-treated H9C2 cells (P<0.05). After DOX treatment, the cell viability was decreased, and LDH activity was increased. The activity of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT was decreased, and the content of MDA was increased (P<0.05). The lysosomal pH was increased, and the protein expression of LAMP1 and cathepsin B decreased (P<0.05). Over-expression of NRF2 increased the cell viability, decreased LDH activity, increased the activity of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT, and decreased the content of MDA in cell supernatant (P<0.05). Over-expression of NRF2 also decreased the lysosomal pH, and increased the protein expression of LAMP1 and cathepsin B (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:DOX inhibits the expression of NRF2 in the myocardial H9C2 cells. Over-expression of NRF2 attenuates oxidative stress and lysosomal dysfunction in the H9C2 cells induced by DOX.     

Effect of hydrogen sulfide on myocardial fibrosis and PPARγ and NF-κB expression in rat model of diabetes

AIM: To explore the effects of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) on the myocardial fibrosis in a rat model of diabetes and its mechanism.METHODS: Single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) was utilized to establish a rat model of diabetes. Sodium hydrosulfide was used as an exogenous donor of hydrogen sulfide. Male SD rats were randomly divided into control group, STZ group, STZ+H₂S group and H₂S group. Eight weeks later, HE and VG staining methods were used to observe the collagen distribution and collagen volume fraction was measured by image analysis. The expression levels of type I collagen, PPARγ and NF-κB in the cardiac tissues were determined by Western blotting.RESULTS: Compared with control group, collagen distribution and the expression levels of type I collagen and NF-κB in the cardiac tissues were markedly increased (P<0.05), while PPARγ was significantly decreased in STZ group (P<0.05), but these indexes were reversed significantly in STZ+H₂S group (P<0.05). The expression levels of type I collagen, PPARγ and NF-κB had no significant difference between H₂S group and control group.CONCLUSION: Hydrogen sulfide attenuates cardiac fibrosis in diabetic rats, and its mechanism may be related to PPARγ-NF-κB signaling pathway.     

基于GF-6卫星影像多特征优选的酿酒葡萄精准识别

多源遥感信息和特征优选是提高农作物识别精度的重要支撑，高分六号（GF-6）卫星作为首次引入红边波段的国产卫星，其丰富的光谱信息为作物识别提供了新的思路和解决途径。该研究基于宁夏回族自治区银川市永宁县2018年6月-2019年3月的GF-6数据，充分利用红边优势提取光谱特征、纹理特征和植被指数特征，构建多种特征组合方案，并根据随机森林算法对特征重要性进行度量，选取最优特征组合对酿酒葡萄进行精准识别。结果表明，与单一特征相比，多源遥感特征的增加显著改善了酿酒葡萄分类效果，其中，植被指数贡献程度最大，光谱特征次之；基于随机森林的优选特征组合分类效果最佳，其中，总体分类精度为94.15%，酿酒葡萄用户精度为94.23%，制图精度为92.59%；以实地调查的4个酒庄为验证区，将酿酒葡萄提取结果与统计数据进行对比，面积相对精度均在70%以上，其中优选特征结果相对精度在90%以上，研究结果将为国产卫星红边波段在植被分类和识别方面的应用提供数据参考。